Animal cruelty essays

Animal cruelty essays

Consumers are a further stakeholder, animal cruelty essays, as pet lovers are unlikely to be attracted to a pet food company known for cruelty to cats and dogs. Therefore, the first duty would be to humans and the second duty to animals Panaman which may…. Animal Cruelty and Youth Violence. Cruelty and Kindness in Halfbreed by Maria Words: Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : For example, the manner…. Contrary to the beliefs of the radical fringe animal cruelty essays the animal rights movement, that moral burden does not require that we all become vegetarians to avoid eating other animals.

Animal Cruelty

Animal cruelty is the human infliction of suffering, pain, or even death to an animal for the purposes of training, discipline, sport or because it was intentional. Animal cruelty can be inflicted upon any animal on the planet weather they are domestic or animal cruelty essays. In fact, an animal is abused every sixty seconds. By the end of this speech five or more animal will have been abused and during a typical school day beginning at 8 a. and ending at more than animals will have been submitted. Criminal Code of Canada - Animal Cruelty. html This article, expresses the consequences of abusing an animal while being on Canadian soil. In Canada, it is considered an offence when a person willingly causes unnecessary pain and suffering to an animal in any manner, animal cruelty essays, as well as encourages, aids or assists at the fighting or baiting of animals.

Also, someone who happens to arrange. Animal Cruelty has many forms, many reasons and most importantly many victims. Many people may wonder why people abuse animals. The thought is simple, however the answer is a little more complex, there are three main types of animal cruelty. The three reasons are as follows: unintentional, intentional, and cruel intentions, animal cruelty essays. I animal cruelty essays discuss each one in more detail. Many people who abuse animals do not realize that they are actually hurting animals, this is. greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated, animal cruelty essays. However, it is a dishonour that, animal cruelty essays, each year, millions of animals are placed at a high risk of injury, neglected, abused and suffer in silence, animal cruelty essays.

What we can do to help lower the increasing rate of animal abuse animal cruelty essays to make punishments stronger and stricter. Together we may be able to make a big difference and stop animal cruelty. Together we can make the punishments stronger. Most people who have accused of animal cruelty only. MacDonald triad theory to explain violent crime against humans. The triad theory simply uses three main variables, enuresis, pyromania, and animal cruelty during childhood to explain aggression that graduates to violent crimes against humans in adulthood. This research only looks at methods of animal cruelty used, animal cruelty essays, and age of onset abuse.

By identifying animal cruelty in childhood and adolescent children findings can be used as an indicator of adult violence and in turn develop the grounds for animal cruelty essays. the number of reported cases of neglect, or abuse is severely lacking Davidson 1. Animal abuse is animal cruelty essays ongoing dilemma in this country; recent studies have indicated child animal cruelty offenders often go on to pursue disturbing acts of criminal behavior. This animal cruelty essays simply does not have standardized legislation across the nation as a preventative method of dealing with this predicament.

Many states treat animal abuse too leniently, and this is bad because youthful offenders often times will go. If a test on these disorders is done from the beginning it could save even more difficult situations down the road. Taking the time to help these people, could save a lot of lives. Animal cruelty should never be under seen, or seen as something minor, because this is how a sociopath. Animal Cruelty While watching television one day I saw a commercial for the ASPCA about giving donations to help this organization stop animal cruelty and rescue abused animals. Animal cruelty is a major concern in the world today. Animal-rights advocates say the rule would make it easier to shut down unscrupulous commercial operations that confine breeding females at length, depriving them of food, water and veterinary care and leaving them outdoors to freeze in the winter and roast in the summer as they give birth to litter after litter of profitable pups- Chebium, animal cruelty essays.

Animals have no way to help themselves because people make them do what people want them to. Home Page Animal Cruelty. Free Animal Cruelty Essays and Papers. Sort By: Most Relevant Highest Grade. Satisfactory Essays. Page 1 of 50 - About essays. Good Essays. Animal Cruelty Speech Words 3 Pages. Animal Cruelty Speech. Animal Cruelty In Canada Words 4 Pages. Animal Cruelty In Canada. Animal Cruelty Essay Words 3 Pages. Animal Cruelty Essay. The Importance Of Animal cruelty essays Cruelty Words 2 Pages. The Importance Of Animal Cruelty. The Rising Problem of Animal Cruelty Words 2 Pages 4 Works Cited. The Rising Problem of Animal Cruelty. Best Essays. Animal Cruelty and Interpersonal Violence Words 5 Pages 23 Works Cited.

Animal Cruelty and Interpersonal Violence. Animal Cruelty and Youth Violence Words 5 Pages 6 Works Cited. Animal Cruelty and Youth Violence. Persuasive Essay On Animal cruelty essays To Animals Words 2 Pages. Persuasive Essay On Cruelty To Animals. Animal Cruelty Words 2 Pages 4 Works Cited. Animal Cruelty. Better Essays. animal cruelty Words 4 Pages 9 Works Cited. animal cruelty. Popular Topics. Animal Dreams Animal Experimentation Animal Farm Animal Imagery Animal Industry Animal Products Animal Research Animal Rights Animal Sciences Animal Symbolism Animal Testing Animals Animation Anime Anita Ankle Ankle Sprains Ann Duffy Ann Hutchinson Ann Rinaldi Anna Anna Karenina Annabel Lee.

example exemplification essay

Dogs in these mills live in terrible conditions and people who purchase the puppies are not informed of the experience of the mothers of the puppies. This shows that there are still people who use animals in making money. This is why advocates of animal rights call for pet owners to adopt dogs instead of buying from puppy mills. Through adopting, there is an assurance that dogs would come from a loving shelter and would end up in a loving home. On social media, there are cases that show individuals abusing different kinds of animals just for the sake of having fun. These activities are strongly condemned because animals also have a life. Abusive activities towards animals should never be taken lightly because it is reflexive of the capacity of the society to be violent.

Even if these activities are only directed to animals, no one can say when this will be actualized towards other human beings. For a fact, everywhere we go, animals are abused. In zoos, animals do not always live in very good conditions. Being trapped in cages is very bad for the well-being of wild animals. In some tourist spots around the world, animals are used to gain profit. Using animals against their own will is very abusive because it does not give animals the right to live as they should; peacefully and according to the order of nature. Animal cruelty may come individually or collectively. There are individuals who do it because they get a kick out of it.

There are also some cases that animals are used in movies and shows unethically. This is a case that is to be blamed on production units that do not value the life of animals. Not only is the abuse harmful to the animals…. Over 7. Whether at home, or on a farm, or the table, animals play a big role in the everyday life of humans. Some people have recognized this and issued a new social movement, one that will be able to protect every animal from…. Should animal cruelty be illegal? Animal cruelty is also known as animal abuse or animal neglect, which is when someone hurts and animal or does not care for an animal responsibly. Animal cruelty has been apart of the society since the ancient ages. Animals are in and out of our everyday lives, some are used for more traditional purpose while others are just mere companions to keep us company.

In most cases, people treat animals as if they were humans, while in others they are neglected, physically abused, etc. Sometimes, this cruelty to animals results in punishment by law, but in other times it is dismissed or not even looked at seriously. This raises the question about animal cruelty, should animal cruelty be punished by law? or is it…. Animals have been around for approximately million years. However, people have started to treat them and act upon them in malicious ways. There are ways to prevent this, ways for citizens to educate themselves about this situations, and for prosecutions to be made. What is animal cruelty? These inflictions include, neglect,….

Animal Cruelty: An Unnecessary Evil Nayan Awale Northwestern Oklahoma State University Animal Cruelty Animal cruelty means when someone hurts an animal or does not care for the animal responsibly. Every year, millions of animals suffer through pain and unnecessary tests. Animals has been dominated by human beings long ago. They have been victimized for serious tortures, pain, isolation, and deprivation in the laboratories. Animals has become a source of food, clothing, and entertainment for…. Bergh was a leader when he stepped up and took charge of the animal cruelty.

Bergh died knowing that animals and children would get the help and care they deserved, which shows how much he really cared. It also shows that Bergh has a legacy that lives within the lives of many to this day. Bergh had many allies who helped his on his incredible journey, and some people who gave him obstacles along the way. Animal cruelty is a big deal to people all across the world. The meaning of animal cruelty is inflicting pain and causing suffering to any type of animal. The effort to curtail water use is a noble one. However, the governor needs to focus more on the real culprit: agribusiness. Because the state is the nation's largest agriculture producer by far, the governor of California has not imposed any restrictions on agriculture. Yet something needs to be done to change the methods by which the United States supplies itself with food.

Because meat is linked to serious health problems, ethical issues, and environmental problems, a new policy should curtail factory farming. Agro-Business Causes Drought The drought in California highlights some of the problems related to food production and processing. Even if the current drought situation can be managed without…. References Goldbohm, R. A prospective cohort study on the relation between meat consumption and the risk of colon cancer. Cancer Research Gossard, M. Social structural influences on meat consumption. Research in Human Ecology 10 1. pdf Lurie, J. Mother Jones. In this film, we are introduced to a very unlikely cadre of friends and acquaintances who represent, again, caricatures of particular parts of ourselves.

There is a juxtaposition of complex and surreal events, kidnappings, death threats, drugged drinks and hallucinatory dreams, porn-stars and pedophiles, the rich and poor, the violent and the meek, and it all combines to make a truly engaging mosaic -- just as all of the other films here have done. As Dude interacts with his world, just as Marge, H. And Everett do, he does so with a purpose that is reflective of his personal nature -- he is a semi-competent actor in his own life but is highly successful at surviving whatever is thrown at or to him. In all of these movies, we see people who are struggling to survive when they do the wrong thing and find peace when they do the right….

HALDANE "Some Enemies of Science" J. Haldane The vivisection debate: J. Haldane's "Some enemies of science" The vivisection debate is an old one. As early as , the scientist J. Haldane rigorously defended the practice of vivisection against its earliest detractors, arguing that even moderate government regulation of scientific behavior to protect animal rights was hypocritical, given the way that animals were treated in other spheres of human life. In contrast, David Suzuki's essay "The pain of animals" highlights the central paradox of animal experimentation.

On one hand, animal experiments are only useful because of our biological similarities to animals. On the other hand, we assert our right to exploit animals based upon our inherent differences from them. The intelligence of animals such as the chimpanzee is analogous to a two-year-old child and yet through logical sleight of hand we justify using chimps in the laboratory by calling them…. References Haldane, J. Some enemies of science. The Nelson Introduction to Literature 2nd Ed. Toronto: Thomson Nelson. Suzuki, David. The pain of animals. The world's largest exporter of fur clothing is China, and is as well considered as the largest fur trade production and processing base within the globe. Some of the wild species that are bred for fur are ex abbits, mink, raccoon dogs, red and arctic foxes.

Based on the fur industry sources of China, as a result of increase in international fur traders, fashion designers and processors, the business have shifted to China, leading to availability of cheap labor in addition to enjoying unrestrictive regulations making life easier and broaden the profit margins. Whether to buy fur that originate from China or not has been an issue discussed widely. However, indeed fur from China does not deserve to be bought, and there are various indications to back this. For example, the manner…. Reference Chiara Feddeck, Fur Is Not Fashionable: The Cruelty of The Fur Industry.

Best of PETA Prime: Help Shut Down the Chinese Fur Trade. How Canada Gets Dog and Cat Fur from China. The Star. efusing to use them because to do so is thought as an infringement of the 'rights' of rats and mice is morally wrong. It is possible to find a middle ground in the issues of such animal rights groups as PETA, and list several points of agreement regarding what is ethically humane and for the animal's positive welfare. That is, the two opposing sides should be able to agree to the following without abandoning their basic positions: 1 Animals do have sensations, such as pain, and emotional states, such as fear or suffering. esearch is growing for the proposition that at least vertebrate animals are very likely sentient ose and Adams ; 2 Numerous animals, at the very least mammals, have the capacity a variety of other mental states, such as distress and discomfort.

This is…. References: Cohen, Carl and Regan, Tom. Animal Rights Debate. Animal testing: the animal rights debate. New York: Rosen Publishing, Moore, David. Public Lukewarm on Animal Rights. Gallup Poll. aspx Mur, Cindy. Animal Experimentation. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, Wildlife Attractions Animal attractions such as zoological parks have long been a favorite amongst tourist. However there is a great deal of debate concerning the ethical responsibilities of placing animals on display. The purpose of this discussion is to investigate the ethic and pros and cons wildlife attractions. More specifically the research will address four main arguments as it pertains to wildlife attraction ethics.

The arguments include scientific research, conservation, educating the public and entertainment. We will also discuss the deaths of animals at wildlife attractions. Let us begin by discussing the history of wildlife attractions. History of Wildlife Attractions According to Flippen the collection of animals has long been a form of colonial commerce. The ability of merchants to sell large animals was dependent upon factors such as the popularity of circus animals and the abilities of professional collectors who supplied them. The article explains that initially zoos…. References Animal Ethics Clarifier.

html zoos Benbow, S. Mary P. Death and Dying at the Zoo. Journal of Popular Culture 37, no. Bostock, Stephen C. Zoos and Animal Rights: The Ethics of Keeping Animals. Flippen, Brooks. Animal Attractions: Nature on Display in American Zoos. Funny" and "I Am a Cat" should be considered together, birds and cats being as they are to each other. Still, one doesn't have to go too far to understand why Kamienska used a bird to ask what it's like to be human; Kamienska must have felt much like a caged bird herself throughout much of her life, living in a country where one must have spent a lot of time "filling up on hunger.

The bird flew effortlessly up into the air upon hearing the distress of the human, not the least of which was distress at the time-bound nature of human life. More than that, however, the human knows she only has a limited time to be human, something the bird doesn't think about. The bird is merely curious, not particularly thoughtful. The bird's cavalier attitude makes it…. Sharks Are Dangerous to People: Finally, with respect to the argument that sharks constitute a genuine danger because they often attack and eat human beings, that point is both inaccurate and simplistic. Sharks actually avoid human beings except where drawn to us, either by the scent of blood in the water or perceptible signs of physical stress, both of which they evolved over many millions of years to detect Perrine The evidence actually suggests that many fatal attacks on humans are the result of sharks' mistaking us for their usual prey; that accounts for the relative frequency with which sharks initiate only one test bite without pursuing the attack further Stevens In fact, the vast majority of shark attacks on human are attributable to the ridiculous practice of feeding sharks in the open ocean, such as in conjunction with tourist cruises and diving expeditions.

These practices condition sharks…. References Bright, M. Montreal: Reader's Digest Books Broad, W. Interestingly, doggie day care has become so common in some areas, that it has become "socially unacceptable" for people to leave their dogs home alone all day "Pet Statistics". This is true in large urban centers such as New York City and Los Angeles, which has led to a proliferation of doggie day care centers in these areas. As more pet owners become involved in every aspect of their pets' lives, it seems clear that services such as doggie day care will continue to grow and thrive.

However, just about any business concerning pets seems to be on the rise today, and getting involved in the pet industry seems to be a good investment for an entrepreneur in the future, because the industry is still growing, rather than leveling out. Many other business opportunities exist. OTHE PET BusinessES Doggy day care may be one of the fastest growing pet businesses…. References Bevan, Laura. htm Editors. htm Rudd, Lauren. The spider's patient web spinning during the winter shows how it is necessary for Dillard to become dependant on the natural world, rather than upon humans alone or upon chemicals and tools that tamper with nature in a human fashion.

To survive the winter physically and psychologically, she must trust her instinctual place in the larger animal firmament. As she observes the spiders that keep her own home insect-free, their work becomes a metaphor for Dillard. They lead her to her spiritual musings about the perfect symmetries that exist in nature. I had read that spiders lay their major straight lines with fluid that isn't sticky, and then lays a non-sticky spiral. Then they walk along" the thread, weaving until the major lines are complete, then moving on to the minor lines of their…. Works Cited Dillard, Annie. A Pilgrim at Tinker's Creek.

New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, Ultimately, it may be the greatest measure of humanity that we recognize that the relevance of animal sentience in relation to our needs is not a function of their similarity to us or of our chosen relationships with them. orks Cited Coren, Stanley. The Intelligence Of Dogs: A Guide To The Thoughts, Emotions, And Inner Lives Of Our Canine Companions. New York: Bantam Gatchel, Robert J. Hoffman, Benson M. Jensen, Maureen C. Malkasian, Dennis, and Ross, Jeffrey S. Works Cited Coren, Stanley. production of food products has changed dramatically over the past several years. Technological changes in machinery, increased use of better and more expedient forms of transportation, and improved fertilizers have all contributed to a more efficient food production process.

This more efficient process, however, has not come with some requisite problems. The existing system of delivering food products in the United States is a major contributor to the world's global warming problem. The largest contributor to global warming is the use of fossil fuels. One study released in estimated that nearly ten percent of all the energy used in the United States was consumed by the food industry. Heller, This large use of fossil fuels is generated throughout the food production and delivering industry. A large measure of this use is through the extensive reliance upon artificial fertilizers and pesticides. Although the use of these products results in….

References Center for Disease Control. Diabetes Public Health Resource. htm fig1 Eckholm, E. Farmers Lean to Truce on Animals' Close Quarters. Eisnitz, G. Slaugherhouse: The Shocking Story of Greed, Neglect, and Inhuman Treatment Inside the U. Meat Industry. Prometheus Books. Fossil Fuels. Retrieved December 3, , from U. The King James Bible version makes it seem like the Lord is making the individual do something, as if by force or obligation, while the Puritan version states that the Lord causes the individual to do something, as if out of their own will. This alone relays the message that faith itself is driving the action, not a perceived obligation. The Lord will lead one to safety always. One can simply believe in something higher to get the meaning of this; it doesn't have to be Jesus.

Psalm , contrarily is confusing because it states that unless the Lord builds the house, it is built in vain. This seems to be more literal, but I do get the idea. Unless the people building the house are doing it with the love of the Lord in their hearts, or building it for him, then what is the point? Didactic poetry can be quite comforting as seen in Psalm 23 or it can be much too literal and seen as both confusing and condescending. Psalm isn't very instructive spiritually speaking, unlike Psalm Updated Proverb: A broken toe can hurt, but a broken heart can kill. Metaphors: Obscure or Illuminate? Didactic literature with its use of metaphors can sometimes obscure the….

The animals are another direct stakeholder, and they have little voice here. PETA's stakes are unclear. They position themselves as speaking for and defending the animals, but they might well have other motives. We know that PETA thrives on publicity, and seeks it out for a number of reasons. Consumers are a further stakeholder, as pet lovers are unlikely to be attracted to a pet food company known for cruelty to cats and dogs. Supply chain partners are stakeholders, and their interest falls somewhere in between the interests of the company and the interests of the consumers.

Regulators are a stakeholder because there are laws governing the…. Instead of verbally communicating with a live human being, people would rather press some buttons and receive the answer digitally. Question 5 The body ritual of the Nacirema demonstrates the unusual practices of certain cultures. Within this group of people, they are obsessed with keeping their bodies clean and pure of disease. As a result of this infatuation, most of their entire lives revolve around their cleaning rituals. This group of people demonstrates the impact that culture, ritual and mythology play in human sociology. Question 6 Social control is an ineffective means to justify tyrannical practices within government and other institutional forces.

Propaganda is a tool to help implement this frame of mind from the controllers to the people being controlled. Through intense effort and plotting, certain aspects of the human condition are exploited by masters of human relations to help cultivate a willing and uninformed society. Fear is the…. It's this honest rendering of Cameron's fatal flaw that gives him his shape or his "roundness" as a character. Readers know individuals who are so myopic or self-absorbed that they cannot imagine what it's like to be someone else or they cannot see the error in their own hypocritical behavior.

At the end of the day, that's what Cameron is, a hypocrite. And therein lies the message to the reader; the moral of the story, the important stuff, self-reflection and self-criticism are integral to personal growth. In Noux's story, "Cruelty the Humans Heart," the "round" character isn't the protagonist, in this case the narrator rather the "round" character is the delinquent the protagonist arrests and interacts with throughout the story; the problem child, Cristoph Priest. In a brief but powerful clause, the narrator prefaces an early encounter with Priest: "We met ugly German, Norman.

html Wood, James. How Fiction Works. New York. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Cumberland County Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals SPCA faces a great challenge in attempting to increase its visibility in the county. Currently, the SPCA does not have a viable or strong public presence. Linda Catalano, the Executive Director of the Cumberland County SPCA feels that the Society is "invisible," and that many residents are unaware of the work of the SPCA. This marketing research study will attempt to determine appropriate target markets for any future attempts to increase the visibility of the Society. This study uses the categories of segmentation to help determine this target market. Market segmentation is simply the division of a market into groups that respond differently to marketing, communications initiatives.

The segments are created to maximize differences, and minimize differences within the segments. Market segmentation can result in more efficient use of marketing resources, and the ability to find specific niches DSS Research. Works Cited DSS Research. What is Market Segmentation? DSS Research - Locke Avenue, Fort Worth, TX asp Mariampolski, Hy. Qualitative market research: a comprehensive guide. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Newsweek Media Kit. MRI Survey of American Consumers. Market Research Services. html Sayre, Shay.

Qualitative methods for marketplace research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, Fundraising for PALS 4 Paws Financing for Non-profit Organization PALS 4 paws is a non-profit organization interested in safeguarding pets in the U. To protect them from abuse, neglect, abandonment, and euthanasia. The goal of PALS 4 Paws is to decrease the number of animals that are going into animal shelters and increase the number of local adoptions to ensure better lives for pets. As a non-profit, PALS 4 paws will manage the rescue of pets that fall victim to issues of mistreat, tragedy or other forms of animal suffering. One the other hand, it will provide pet lovers with low cost pets by facilitating the adoption process through owner-to-adopter communication.

This paper discusses the fundraising aspect of Pals 4 Paws as well as details of the organization's financial policies. Fundraising plan Strengths Based on the assessment of the organization, three key areas of strength are identified. The first is…. References Burnett, K. Relationship Fundraising: A Donor-Based Approach to the Business of Raising Money. Cannon, C. Ciconte, L. Fundraising Basics: A Complete Guide. Klein, K. Fundraising for Social Change. The use of the word MY also suggests that the speaker feels a sense of possession towards the assistant, thus the assistant's departure is seen as a loss of control, not merely a setback to the project as he says.

it's an animal urge, Puff. it's nothing to be ashamed of 65 The word Puff suggests an animal, even if Puff is not an animal -- Puff is being assured that acting like an animal is natural, and not worthy of shame, despite Puff's feelings to the contrary and the ambiguous quality of Puff's name. Remember, when in doubt: don't ever do what you really want to do 69 This statement goes against the assurances of the naturalness of human behavior and impulses -- go against one's human or animal nature, it suggests, and repress and resist gut instincts. Instead, follow societal dictates and one's own superego. Learning Tools Study Documents Writing Guides About us FAQs Our Blog Citation Generator Flash Card Generator Login SignUp.

Filter By:. Keyword s Filter by Keywords: add comma between each. Most Relevant Recently Added Most Popular. Home Topics Animals Animal Cruelty Essays Animal Cruelty Essays Examples. Having trouble coming up with an Essay Title? Use our essay title generator to get ideas and recommendations instantly. It is… A relatively controversial research experiment with primates occurred with the Silver Spring Monkeys between from until Since the early s, Congress has enacted over… Works Cited DeGue, S. Rights and Welfare of Animals Words: Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Dissertation or Thesis complete Paper : PETA was founded in , and their… Works Cited American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ASPCA.

Cruelty and Kindness in Halfbreed by Maria Words: Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : It… Works Cited Campbell, M. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, Indictment of the Moral Offense of Animal Words: Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : It is also used as… Works Cited Arluke, Arnold. Ethical to Raise Animals for Words: Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Thesis Paper : Wicca Animal Use Shelley Rabinovitch Has Asserted Words: Length: 6 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : Killing Animals for Food Is Not Necessarily Words: Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper : Cruelty and Thereafter Apply the Words: Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : Bridgstock, 69 Going back… Works Cited Bridgstock, Martin.

Animal Assisted Therapy Within Society Is it Helpful to Those Who Seek Its Services Words: Length: 7 Pages Document Type: Literature Review Chapter Paper : Moreover, some researchers… References Becker, D. Cruelty and Intolerable Acts Words: Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : Circus Without Animals Imagine if Words: Length: 1 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper :