International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction, essay about earthquakes. Yet another severe earthquake in Nepal, which caused destruction in India too, as vigorous earthquakes were sensed in various parts of our country including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Delhi. Person 0. All of those areas have experienced strong earthquake tremors in the past and there is an excessive chance of experiencing the identical in the future. An earthquake is a tremor that is produced when two surfaces essay about earthquakes earth, underneath the surface, slip against each other and release seismic waves.
Long and Short Essay on Earthquake in English
Describe the frequency, origin and distribution of earthquakes at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, subduction zones and continental shields. Earthquakes are happening almost everyday all over the world. Most of the time earthquakes are not strong enough to be felt by people, but the shaking caused by an earthquake is recorded by a seismogram. These are located all over the world at different points, essay about earthquakes. Only occasionally will a larger magnitude earthquake strike and cause damage to the region. Around the world essay about earthquakes are many faults, depending where these faults are plays a major factor in determining where an earthquake will happen. It is these faults that are the reason for earthquakes.
The type of fault will also determine how often an earthquake will happen. A mid-ocean ridge occurs under the sea at a divergent boundary. This is where two plates are been pulled apart because of tension. This then allows new oceanic crust to be made in the divergent boundary, as magma rises and eventually sets on the sea floor. If the plates on either side of the divergent boundary continue to spread then the ocean slowly essay about earthquakes larger in width, essay about earthquakes, a essay about earthquakes called seafloor spreading. Mid-ocean ridges are characterised by a crack like valley at the divergent boundary, essay about earthquakes.
This crack like valley is caused by the tension pulling the plates apart, causing normal faulting to occur a number of times in the divergent boundary. It is these normal faults that are the cause and therefore the origin of earthquakes at essay about earthquakes boundaries. When the tension pulling apart the two plates becomes too much then the oceanic crust will fracture. This fracturing is caused by many normal faults happening as shown in the diagram. The normal essay about earthquakes happen because the crust essay about earthquakes been extended. When the tension becomes too much the faults slip vertically. They move a large distance in a relatively short space of time, this is the cause of the earthquakes at divergent boundaries. Divergent boundaries mostly occur on the sea floor and therefore the earthquakes that happen at these boundaries are distributed along the boundary.
This means that the distributions of earthquakes at divergent boundaries are at shallow depths, essay about earthquakes, where the crust is been pulled apart. The earthquakes happen at shallow depths because the normal faulting occurs near the sea floor, as a result of the tension. The normal faults are the cause of the earthquakes at these divergent boundaries. The seafloor sees the most intense tectonic activity in the world, meaning that at the sites of mid-ocean ridges the frequency of earthquakes is very high. An example of a mid-ocean ridge is the Mid-Atlantic ridge, there the seafloor is spreading at a rate of about 3cm per year.
The frequency of earthquakes at a mid-ocean ridge will depend on how much tension is happening at that point, essay about earthquakes. The more tension means the more seafloor spreading, resulting in a higher frequency of earthquakes at a particular mid-ocean ridge. Within the basins of these oceans earthquakes can happen without been caused at Mid-ocean ridges, or a Subduction Zones. When the earth¡¦s crust is under tensional forces the crust will become much thinner than normal, if there is no fault. This means that the crust becomes weaker as it is thinner than normal.
This can happen to the oceanic crust in the ocean basins, essay about earthquakes, but will only cause an earthquake with a hot spot. A hot spot is an abnormal hot rising area of the mantle that supplies the lava for volcanoes, essay about earthquakes. If at the same time a hot spot is directly below a thinned crust then the magma in the hot spot may hold too much pressure to be held by the thinner weakened crust. If this is the case then the magma can penetrate the lithosphere, and eventually erupt on the surface. Essay about earthquakes action of the magma forcing its way up can trigger earthquakes as it breaks through the crust.
When its breaks through the crust at the sea bed eventually a volcanic island will be formed in the middle of the ocean. Due to plate movements this can lead to the creation of mid-plate chains of basaltic volcanic islands, e. The creation of these islands around the world has happened in other places, essay about earthquakes. Frequent large earthquakes do not happen along the Hawaiian chain, it is an essentially an asesimic ridge. Therefore the frequency of earthquakes caused in ocean basins by hot spots is very low. The distributions of these earthquakes that do occur happen at shallow depths. This is because the origin is in the crust, which has been thinned because of tension.
A subduction zone is where two plates collide and one is forced below the other, they occur at convergent boundaries, essay about earthquakes. They collide because of compression forces, pushing them into each other. One plate is subducted below the other into the mantle, where it will be recycled. An example of this is shown below with the Pacific plate subducting under the Eurasian plate. The two plates want to travel in opposite directions, they want to go straight into each other. This causes the pressure to build up over a long period of time, as the two plates push at each other. As time progresses one of the plates will start to be bent downward under the other one because of the extreme force, however does not slip, just bends.
This is because of the essay about earthquakes between the two plates is enough to allow them to bend, without slipping. This is a very slow but continuous movement, maybe only a few millimetres every year. Every fraction moved by the plates increases the build-up of elastic strain energy within the rock. The rock continues to store this energy from a few decades to a few thousand years. An earthquake will happen when the strain in the rocks exceeds that of the limit of the rocks. The fault then ruptures, moving a large distance in a short space of time. The plates then snap back into a new position, forcing the already undercutting plate to dive down even further under the other, essay about earthquakes. The collisions of two plates generally produce large forces in the plates.
These forces result in the triggering of the earthquakes within the subduction zones. The frequency of earthquakes in Subduction zones is about the same as that in the mid-ocean ridges. This is because the plates cover the globe, and if they separate in one place then in another place one-plate sinks below another. This means that the triggering of an earthquake at a divergent boundary triggers an earthquake at a convergent plate. Meaning that the frequency of earthquakes at Subduction zones is the same as at Mid-ocean ridges, which is very high. The earthquakes at convergent boundaries are distributed at different points, essay about earthquakes.
The deep focus earthquakes occur along the already subducted plate. Shallow focus earthquakes occur just at the point where one plate starts to be thrust under the other. These earthquakes tend to be more common than the deeper earthquakes, essay about earthquakes. This is shown on the diagram on the left. The red dots show the distribution of earthquakes at a convergent boundary. Continental shields are extensively flat tectonically stable interiors of the continents, composed of ancient rocks. Most of the stress that builds up by tectonic movements is released in earthquakes at the plate boundaries.
However stress can also build up in the interiors of plates. Old fault lines in the plates are weaker than the surrounding rocks, these old fault lines cover many continents, crossing all over each other. The old faults can slip if the stress becomes too much from recent plate movements, which will cause an unexpected earthquake. This can be a problem as many old fault lines are not known, and many are away from modern plate boundaries essay about earthquakes exist today. This is potentially dangerous as many modern settlements may be at risk from earthquakes, even though they are not near modern day faults.
The distribution of earthquakes at continental shields is not yet known, as scientists do not know whether these earthquakes will strike the same region within a plate. The strength of these inter-plate earthquakes are relatively small, compared to boundary earthquakes. The frequency is also very small, the last major inter plate earthquake was in Latur-India in However they can catch regions totally unexpected because they can affect areas with no previous earthquake history. Also the energy of the earthquake is spread out further without losing as much.
Due to the older hard rocks that transmit energy better, than the deformed broken younger rocks. This can cause more damage to a larger region. Earthquakes are common events and are happening all the time. They can be caused by many different factors within the earth¡¦s interior. Depending on the type of area that they happen in will determine the strength of the earthquake, and the frequency of earthquakes within the region. The distribution of earthquakes within an area will much depend upon. what caused the earthquake to happen in the first place. We understand today how earthquakes are caused, and we can record where they happen every day of the year. This has helped us to learn and understand about earthquakes in much detail. We now only miss one important factor that we all would like to know, when and where the next one will be.
In truth it must be said that today we are still not close to predicting earthquakes even with all the technology that is available. Understanding Earth 2nd edition by Frank Press and Raymond Siever. The Amazon Rainforest is the world's greatest essay about earthquakes resource, yet still it is being destroyed…. The greatest flourishing of northern Indian culture, essay about earthquakes, art, and imperial strength undoubtedly took place during…. The Ivory Coast is one of Africa's leading countries in industry and agriculture.
This small…, essay about earthquakes. Close Menu Essay Topics. Related Essays San Francisco Earthquake One of the greatest earthquakes happened in 20th century is in San Francisco in year….
high school reflective essay
These earthquakes are believed to cause major destruction which may include ground deformation, uprooting of buildings and ground cracks. Although scientists try their best to predict both, they have not been able to determine the time and date for these natural disasters. People living in earthquake and volcano affected areas should be attentive, ready to face them and should work in peace and understanding in case of such problem. They may vary in cruelty, time, and other factors, they have been classified into various categories and their effect due to them varies depending on their type.
After the shock: It is often a mild earthquake that occurs in the same area that had been hit by a severe earthquake a few hours, days or weeks before. Before the shock: A small earthquake that precedes a severe earthquake is called a foreboding. Explosion Earthquake: This type of earthquake is caused by the explosion of a chemical and nuclear device. Volcanic Earthquake: It is an earthquake caused by a combination of tectonic forces and volcanic movements. Brief Earthquakes: These types of earthquakes are caused by rock eruptions, these are usually mild earthquakes due to mining activities. Submarine Earthquake: This is an earthquake that occurs especially underwater at the bottom of the sea which is commonly called a tsunami.
These are mostly natural causes but sometimes they can also be man-made, the various causes of earthquake as follows:. Volcanic eruptions: Volcanic eruptions are a common cause of earthquakes, areas where volcanic movements are frequently encountered are more prone to earthquakes. Geological Fault: It is caused by the displacement of plates from their place of origin as rocks move along these planes, it causes tectonic earthquakes. Human activities: Humans are known to affect various natural activities and earthquakes are no exception. Nuclear bombing, construction of dams and mining are some of the human activities that can cause earthquakes. Earthquake impact: Mild earthquakes are harmless but can cause violent mass destruction.
Many people die, many are injured and many houses and buildings are destroyed during this natural disaster. An earthquake is a dangerous natural disaster that causes extensive damage in various parts of the world. An earthquake is a natural disaster that causes mass destruction and there is no way to prevent it from happening. Our planet has been affected by many strong earthquakes of different magnitude, which has led to the loss of many innocent people and caused great damage to property. The need for disaster management for earthquakes was realized due to the huge and persistent losses that have arisen worldwide. A strong earthquake has a high value on the Richter scale while a low earthquake has a low value.
An earthquake measuring 6 to 7 on the Richter scale potentially causes damage to life and property, while an earthquake measuring 4 to 5 on the Richter scale can cause only mild tremors or little structural damage. Earthquakes have many effects and may include the following, however, they are not limited to the effects mentioned below-. Earth shaking is the first impact of earthquake and also the most damaging, however the intensity depends on the earthquake and the distance of the place from the epicenter. Earthquakes of about 6 or more on the Richter scale have the potential to destroy most buildings, depending on the proximity of the epicenter.
Occasionally, measuring high earthquakes on the Richter scale can cause ground breaks along the fault line to appear. Occasionally, when earthquakes are potentially higher on the Richter scale, a terrain several meters deep and several kilometers long may break. Shallow focus earthquakes occur just at the point where one plate starts to be thrust under the other. These earthquakes tend to be more common than the deeper earthquakes. This is shown on the diagram on the left. The red dots show the distribution of earthquakes at a convergent boundary.
Continental shields are extensively flat tectonically stable interiors of the continents, composed of ancient rocks. Most of the stress that builds up by tectonic movements is released in earthquakes at the plate boundaries. However stress can also build up in the interiors of plates. Old fault lines in the plates are weaker than the surrounding rocks, these old fault lines cover many continents, crossing all over each other. The old faults can slip if the stress becomes too much from recent plate movements, which will cause an unexpected earthquake. This can be a problem as many old fault lines are not known, and many are away from modern plate boundaries that exist today. This is potentially dangerous as many modern settlements may be at risk from earthquakes, even though they are not near modern day faults.
The distribution of earthquakes at continental shields is not yet known, as scientists do not know whether these earthquakes will strike the same region within a plate. The strength of these inter-plate earthquakes are relatively small, compared to boundary earthquakes. The frequency is also very small, the last major inter plate earthquake was in Latur-India in However they can catch regions totally unexpected because they can affect areas with no previous earthquake history. Also the energy of the earthquake is spread out further without losing as much. Due to the older hard rocks that transmit energy better, than the deformed broken younger rocks. This can cause more damage to a larger region.
Earthquakes are common events and are happening all the time. They can be caused by many different factors within the earth¡¦s interior. Depending on the type of area that they happen in will determine the strength of the earthquake, and the frequency of earthquakes within the region. The distribution of earthquakes within an area will much depend upon. what caused the earthquake to happen in the first place. We understand today how earthquakes are caused, and we can record where they happen every day of the year. This has helped us to learn and understand about earthquakes in much detail.
We now only miss one important factor that we all would like to know, when and where the next one will be. In truth it must be said that today we are still not close to predicting earthquakes even with all the technology that is available. Understanding Earth 2nd edition by Frank Press and Raymond Siever. The Amazon Rainforest is the world's greatest natural resource, yet still it is being destroyed…. The greatest flourishing of northern Indian culture, art, and imperial strength undoubtedly took place during…. The Ivory Coast is one of Africa's leading countries in industry and agriculture.
This small…. Close Menu Essay Topics. Related Essays San Francisco Earthquake One of the greatest earthquakes happened in 20th century is in San Francisco in year…. The strong movements inside the crust of the Earth or volcanic action causes a disruption on the Earth. It is a form of a natural disturbance that is characterized as concussion, and convulsion of the ground. This creates a shaking effect on the surface, that leads to speedy and strong vibrations at the place. Due to the release of rock, a huge amount of energy in the atmosphere. When the effect of the Earthquake is strong, its vibrations are experienced in the neighboring districts too. Earthquake perceived as a life-threatening, and a hazardous natural disaster that has the ability to occur at any point of time, and anywhere on the planet.
Where mild earthquakes appear in the form of minor tremors, larger earthquakes come with strong tremors that starts off with slight tremors but transforms into violent shocks. The intensity, and magnitude of an earthquake is measured using scientific scales that includes Richter scale, altered Mercalli scale, moment magnitude scale, etc. Earthquakes can happen due to various physical factors. This is perceived as a volcanic activity. This natural calamity can happen at any point of anytime and can cause havoc to life of living beings and beneficial natural resources. Earthquake implies a phenomenon that leads the Earth to tremble. Earthquakes are a dreadful natural disaster.
Greater the intensity of the earthquakes, greater will be the loss of property, and life. Earthquakes that are weak in intensity, goes unnoticed, whereas severe Earthquakes causes a lot of destruction to a place. Their unpredictable nature is what makes them highly dangerous. Depending on the way they occur, and the reason for their occurrence, Earthquakes are classified into different types. It has an abundance of energy. This energy pushes these plates towards or far from each other. This movement causes build of energy between plates, and generates enormous pressure. This type of Earthquakes happens due to collapse in the mines, and caverns that causes seismic waves. This type of Earthquake is weak in intensity.
Also read: Essay on global warming. Government has laid down a few safety instructions that every person should follow when they face this natural calamity. Search Categories. Society Technology Healthcare Environment
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